Tabbara+SS+C+-+Erika

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__**The Middle Ages Assignment #9**__

The bubonic plague was the plague that happened in the mid-1300s in Europe. Severe chills, fever, convulsion, and vomiting were symptoms of the bubonic plague. When you have the bubonic plague, you would have dark spots and swollen glands on their skin.
 * 1. What was the bubonic plague and what were the symptoms?**

The rats carried the infected fleas on their bodies and traveled on merchants' ships. The disease first came from Central Asia and then the merchants sailed to Europe (rats on their ship) and that's how the disease traveled from Asia to Europe.
 * 2. How did the plague travel from Asia to Europe?**

The Christians thought that the plague was some kind of sign of punishment for their sins. However, the Muslims thought that the plague was testing their fate in God. War stopped for a while and trade declined because of the disease. However, workers could demand higher pay because workers were scarce. Also, the Jews were still being hated and some even accused them for causing the plague. 20-30 million people died from the bubonic plague by 1400.
 * 3. Describe the widespread effects of the bubonic plague.**

__**The Middle Ages Assignment #5**__

__Hawks & Falcons__ This area was where they trained falcons and hawks. It was used for training falcons to hunt and to make sure that they are being greatly cared for. Life would be tough because hawks and falcons have claws, and it'll be quite rough at first since they might attack you.

__Stables__ This area was where all the horses were kept. It was used to make sure the horses were cared and protected. Life would be tough because horses can go crazy and their kicks are amazing, so it can be a little dangerous.

__Chapel__ This area was where the priest was in charge of. It was used to take services and where lots of people went to study how to read and write. Life would be a little busy here because the priest would have to teach a lot of people since not much people didn't know how to write, and also he had to do services, too.

__Kitchens__ This area was where the cook cooked for everyone in the castle. It was used to bake bread and food so that everyone can be fed. Life would be really busy here because you just can't waste time here because you have to make lots of food for everyone!

__Gatehouse__ This area was where the soldiers were to keep watch. It was used to see if there were any unwanted visitors coming this way. Life would be very difficult here because you'll have to keep a very close watch, and if you don't, lots of lives will be killed.

__**The Middle Ages Assignment #2**__

I don't think these barbarian tribes would be really friendly towards each other. The reason is because they went through the dark ages, disease and starvation, they probably went through one of them. Due to this reason, they probably got this independent and wary personality.
 * 1. Since these barbarian tribes were in the "Dark Ages", do you think they were friendly towards each other? Why or why not?**

The Vikings used to control Greenland, Iceland, parts of France, and Great Britain, North America, Ukraine, and Russia. The Franks controlled Germany. The Merovingians were the largest of the Germanic tribes that caused destruction and chaos in Medieval Europe.
 * 2. Name two tribes and the modern European nations (or parts of modern nations) they used to control.**
 * 3. One of the tribes we didn't study was called the Merovingians. Who were the Merovingians?**

Clovis was a Merovingian King who likes violence and bloodshed. His conversion to Christianity was important in history because he also encouraged other people to convert to Christianity. The Germanic tribes would protect and defend Christianity from Muslims.
 * 4. Who was Clovis and why was his conversion to Christianity important in history?**

__**The Middle Ages Assignment #1**__

The beginning of the Middle Ages was considered to be right after the fall of the Roman Empire, which is 476 CE. Basically, the next one thousand years were the Middle Ages.
 * 1. What is considered the beginning of the Middle Ages?**

The Latin name for the Middle Ages is "Medieval".
 * 2. What is the Latin name for the Middle Ages?**

I think the Middle Ages are often called the "Dark Ages" because the two strongest civilizations collapsed, and then there were a lot of things going on in Europe. Not much people could read or write, and it was really hard for them. The only hope for the people during these difficult times was their strong belief, Christianity. At least they can pray to God so that they will have a better life in heaven.
 * 3. Why do you think the Middle Ages are often called the "__Dark__ Ages"? What was the only hope for people during these difficult times?**

While the Europeans were in the "Dark Ages", the rest of the world was flourishing. The other different civilizations discovered things, invented, and other things. For example, the Muslim Empire flourished. China and India developed, inventing stuff, but not Europe.
 * 4. While Europe was in the "Dark Ages", what was happening in the rest of the world?**

The "Dark Ages" lasted for about 1000 years. At about 1450, the "Dark Ages" end.
 * 5. How long did the "Dark Ages" last and what year did they end?**

The Renaissance means "Rebirth." During this time, artists created works of art that we still look up to today, and lots of discoveries were also made, too. This is the beginning of modern history. .
 * 6. What does Renaissance mean and what happened during this time?**

__**Civilization of the Americas Assignment #14**__

The single most important thing I learned was that the fall of the Mayan Civilization is still unknown. The reason why this is the most important thing I learned was that the two other civilizations had this solid reason why they collapsed, but the Mayans didn't. This is important because that would make me think about it once a while and later, if the scientists found out why the Mayans abandoned their city, then that would be helpful.
 * 1. The single most important thing I learned was...**

Something that confused me was the Mayan Calendar. At first, I thought that the Mayan Calendar looked cool, and how it functioned was also cool. However, when we did the activity where you had to actually solve some problems related to the calendar, it confused me. The way it worked and how you had to do it also confused me.
 * 2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...**

What surprised me the most was that the Incas lived in the Andes mountain. It really surprised me, and they even used terrace farming, which looked cool, not to mention that they were in levels. I never even thought about farming in levels, in fact, I didn't know such thing existed. Therefore, the fact that the Incas lived in the Andes mountain surprised me.
 * 3. What surprised me the most was...**

I would like to know more about the Mayans. I pretty much learned a lot about the Aztecs and Incas, but not so much about Mayans. Of course I learned some information here and there, but I didn't really catch any specific things, just some achievements, the mystery about their disappearance, and that's pretty much it. It just makes me curious, that's all.
 * 4. I would like to know more about...**

The part that I think I will always remember was the part about the Aztecs ripping out the hearts. It's not a big deal that the Aztecs had human sacrifices, but the part that they sacrificed the hearts and ATE the remaining parts...I think it's going to stick to my head. Whenever I think about the whole lesson, the first thing that pops in my head is about the human sacrifice. Maybe because of the pictures that I saw about the Aztec human sacrifice were a bit to disturbing, or maybe it's because it's a strange way of doing things.
 * 5. The part that I think I will always remember was...**

__**Civilization of the Americas Assignment #13**__

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__**Civilization of the Americas Assignment #11**__

My group produced corn. Our quarter was somewhere in the north growing crops which was mentioned before, corn.
 * 1. What food did your group produce? Governors must also answer this question using the groups they were responsible for. Sapa Inca doesn't have to answer this question.**

My group refused to get conquered. What happened after we refused was that all of our crops were taken away instead of half (which happens when you agree to be conquered.
 * 2. What happened to the food in each group? All must answer this question and the rest of the questions.**

I think some groups accepted Inca demands because the goal for them was to be united and have peace between them. They wanted their group to survive, so they accepted the Inca demands.
 * 3. Why do you think some groups accepted Inca demands?**

The group that resisted Inca rule had all their crops taken away. Some were killed, such as the leader and another person.
 * 4. What were the disadvantages to a group that resisted Inca rule?**

The groups in the empire that would most likely succeed in resisting are groups that live near the ocean/sea/body of water. The reason is that they can have at least some advantage near water, or anywhere near the mountains or at least on the mountains.
 * 5. The Inca empire was very large (see map above). What groups in the empire would most likely succeed in resisting?**

The Incan leadership style helped expand and maintain the empire because the tribes/people can't resist their want to conquer them. They know what would happen to them and what would also happen to their crops or what wouuld be taken away.
 * 6. How did the Inca leadership style help expand and maintain the empire?**

__**Civilization of the Americas Assignment #10**__

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__**Civilizations of the Americas Assignment #9**__

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__**Civilizations of the Americas Assignment #7**__

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__**Civilizations of the Americas Assignment #6**__

Perspective 1: The world will end in 2012. Explanation: The world will end in 2012 because all kinds of things were said that something will happen in 2012. For example, the Mayan Calendar lasted for thousands of years, the Egyptians even thought that something big will happen in 2012, too. Source: http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=5301284&page=1

Perspective 2: The world will NOT end in 2012. Explanation: The world won't end in 2012 because of the things that are happening in outer space. For example, Earth's magnetic field will reverse, Earth's rotation axis will tip, and many others. Source: http://news.discovery.com/space/ray-villard-doomsday-theories.html

Perspective 3: No one knows for sure. Explanation: Even though the Mayan Calendar stops at 2012, there isn't any specific evidence that proves that 100% the world will end, but if it is true, we don't know how it will end. Would there be an earthquake, self-destruction, or anything else? Source: http://ezinearticles.com/?2012---A-New-Perspective-in-Time-and-Galactic-Cycles&id=3519773


 * __Civilizations of the Americas Assignment #5__

1. How much did the ball used in “the ball game” weigh?** The ball used in "the ball game" weighed about 8 pounds.

Sometimes, human skulls made up the core of the ball.
 * 2. What sometimes made up the core of the ball?**

Mesoamericans used rubber for shoes and medicine to heal such things such as lip sores.
 * 3. Give two other Mesoamerican uses of rubber.**

The Europeans of the time made balls from leather. The leather balls weren't as bouncy.
 * 4. What did the Europeans of the time make balls from?**

Th Mesoamericans made the balls harder/bouncier by morning glories. Morning Glories are types of flowers.
 * 5. How did Mesoamericans make the balls harder/bouncier?**

The raw rubber is called latex.
 * 6. What is raw rubber called?**


 * 7. Draw a label diagram (with gear explanation) of a properly dressed ballplayer.**

The shape of the ball court was like the letter "I".
 * 8. What shape was the ball court?**

The three parts of the court are the Playing Alley, the Wall, and the End Zones. The Playing Zone is the place where the players played the game. The End Zones make the I shape of the field. There was also the part, Bench, where people watch from.
 * 9. What were the four parts of the court and their purpose?**

People still aren't sure whether of women played the game, but they discovered figurines of women players (however, still not sure whether if they were actors or really players).
 * 10. Did women play the game?**

The losers of a ball game where used as a sacrifice for the Gods.
 * 11. What happened to the losers of a ball game?**


 * 12. Sketch (in your notebook) “the loser” and “the priests” from the stone relief at El Tajin.**

//Ah Pitzlaw// means "he the ballplayer" in Mayan.
 * 13. How do you say “he the ballplayer” in Mayan?**

This is about a 3,500 year-old sport.
 * 14. How old is this sport?**

athletic events.** - __Devoted Fans__ The Fans' main focuses were about the players and etc. Modern athletic events both had devoted fans. - __Sports Arenas__ The Arenas were large so that crowds and groups of people could watch the sport. - __Local Rivalry__ The ballgame and our modern athletic events were serious, very war-like. After all, people do want to win. - __Half-time Shows__ Both of these games had music probably for entertainment. Music was/is part of the game. - __Gambling__ The ballgame and our modern athletic events had gambling. People lost some of their properties in the ballgame, and even now people bet on things and gamble with money.
 * 15. List and briefly explain five similarities between the ballgame and our modern

Mesoamericans influenced our lives. We learned what they wore, and how they interacted with other people.
 * 16. What do we learn about Mesoamericans from the model?**

Courts were built in villages.
 * 17. Where were courts built?**

We can tell that spectators enjoyed themselves because they would look very interested and into the game while having their arms around one another.
 * 18. How can we tell that spectators enjoyed themselves?**

There would be 3 players on each team.
 * 19. How many players were on each team?**

They hit the ball with their hips.
 * 20. What did they hit the ball with?**

The losers weren't ALWAYS killed.
 * 21. Were the losers always killed?**

__**Civilizations of the Americas Assignment #4**__

Explorer's Journal

__**Civilizations of the Americas Assignment #3**__


 * Secondary Sources**

Mel Gibson's Apocalypto (Picture of movie) Reason- This is a movie about the Mayan Civilization, sort of about the fall of the it. Since this is a movie about it which is way later from the actual time period of the actual time, this is a secondary source.

(Picture) Reason- This is not an original from the Mayan Civilization. It's just a picture/drawing of how one of the gods they believe would look like from some of the information.


 * Primary Sources**

[|Mayan Building] (Picture) Reason- This is a picture of a building kind of place that the Mayans actually used. You can tell (sort of) because it's so ruined and everything. It looks old.

[|Picture] Reason- This picture shows the real things that was present in the Mayan Civilization. It clearly shows that it's from that time period because it looks really old and was just found or something like that

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__**Islam Assignment #9**__

The single most important thing I learned was that Muhammad was the Prophet of God, and he was the one who started Islam. After all, he was the one who heard the voice of Gabriel, and heard the "message". If Muhammad didn't hear the voice and wasn't there, there probably wouldn't be Islam. There weren't actually things that confused me or that I didn't understand. However, there was one part that made me confused me for a few minutes. The appeal of Islam. I didn't know what to think about the appeal of Islam, but there were some assignments about it so I understood later. The thing that surprised me the most was that the stories in the holy book of Islam, which is the Qur'an, has similar stories like the Torah and the Bible. After all, there are lots of religions that don't believe in God and Jesus. Since we didn't learn about the Torah, I hardly even knew that Jewish believed in Him. So, that time I thought Christianity was the religion where it believed God. However, I was wrong which surprised me. I would like to know more about the daily life of Muslims. The reason is that the wars that Muslims were in are facts. The things in the Qur'an and achievements are all facts. However, the daily life of Muslims differ, even thought there is the Five Pillars of Islam and things written in the Qur'an. People think things differently. For example, some women think that hiding their beauty is considered as not showing their hair or their skin. Other Muslim women might think about it differently. Since the daily life of Muslims differ all around the world, I would like to know more about it. The part that I think I will always remember was the part where Muhammad heard a voice in a cave which was the Archangel Gabriel. After all, it's sort of a story, just like Adam and Eve, etc. Since it's sort of like a story, I can really remember it, since it's the start of something just like the start of things like the result of opening Pandora's Box. My view of Muslims and Islam changed because I hardly even knew about Muslim. I just knew that there was such religion and my typical thinking of Muslims are people who wear hijabs or other things that cover their skin. I didn't know why it was so good, and why so many changed to it, but I sort of do understand. Muslims and Islam changed from weird to okay, now that I know more about it (including how it started and the requirements.) Also, I heard Muslim terrorists in the news and the daily topic a lot, but now that I learn something more about them, something deeper.
 * 1. The single most important thing I learned was...**
 * 2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...**
 * 3. What surprised me the most was...**
 * 4. I would like to know more about...**
 * 5. The part that I think I will always remember was...**
 * 6. How has your view of Muslims and Islam changed?**

__**Islam Assignment #7**__

2. Omar Khayyam || 1. made Arabic numbering system and algebra 2. created a very accurate calendar using math and astronomy || 1. We still use this numbering system today. 2. find dates more easily || 2. Ibn Sina || 1.identified and described smallpox and measles 2. wrote "Canon of Medicine" (about medical knowledge) || 1. can hopefully cure such diseases 2. His work was used as a medical reference for 600 years. || If we used Math as an example, they made Algebra, and Algebra is really important for us. If they didn't discover Algebra, then we wouldn't know how to find such things and we wouldn't know such complex formulas to get this specific answer. The numbering system the Muslims used, a lot of poeple use it today. After all, we should know Algebra in order to know other complex math (such as Calculus). The Muslim doctors found a way to cure some diseases such as smallpox and measles. If they didn't we would've died because of them. Poetry would also be important for us in order to be successful and make great stories. For Muslims, it became a big help for them when Al=Biruni found a way for Muslims to face Mecca all around the world when they pray. media type="custom" key="4930939"
 * = __**Subject/Area**__ ||= __**Who**__ ||= __**What did he/they do?**__ ||= __**Why useful?**__ ||
 * Mathematics || 1. al-Khwarizmi
 * Medicine || 1. Al-Razi
 * Art || Muslim Artists || Calligraphy and emphasized plants and geometric patters || decorate armor and buildings ||
 * Astronomy || al-Biruni || determined the direction of Mecca from any point on earth || made it possible for Muslims everywhere in the empire to face Mecca while praying ||
 * Literature || Omar Khayyam || master of quatrain || Poetry was used as a way to pass on stories of great victories. ||
 * How has the work of these Muslim scientists/scholars influenced our lives today? Be clear and specific in your answer. Your answer must be at least five sentences long.**

__**Islam Assignment #6**__

//After the death of Uthman, Ali was finally chosen to be caliph, but __he was soon assassinated__. This led to the end of __the system of selecting a caliph__.// The Umayyads made a heredity dynasty, where the family member has the right to rule next and so on. They also moved the muslim capital, Medina, to Damascus. They thought that it was easier there to control conquered territories. //Arab Muslims were upset because they felt that Damasus was too far away.// Sunnis are Muslims who accepted the Umayyads rule and follow them. So, anyone who follows Muhammad's teaching can be a ruler. However, there were Muslims who didn't think that it was right for the Umayyads to rule, and thought that relatives of the Prophet has to rule. They are called Shi'a. That's why Islam ended up being split into two parts. The first four caliphs were considered as the rightful rulers in what the Sunnis believed in, while the selection of rulers for the Shi'a thought that the rulers had to be a relative of Muhammad. Christianity divided in to two parts, the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox. This happened in 1053 A.D since there were some conflict between those two. I think these religions that split into two parts never decided to rejoin each other because they thought things differently, which includes what is right and wrong. And even though they rejoin, they would probably split into two parts again. I mean, why did they even split into two parts in the first place?
 * 1. Complete this sentence with clear and detailed information:**
 * 2. What did the Umayyads do after they took over? Be clear and specific.**
 * 3. Complete this sentence:**
 * 4. How did Islam end up being split into two parts? Be clear and specific.**
 * 5. How does the selection of rulers for the Shi’a and Sunnis differ?**
 * 6. Can you think of another religion that ended up splitting into two parts? When did this happen?**
 * 7. Why do you think these religions that split into two parts never decide to rejoin each other?**

__**Islam Assignment #5**__

1) Swine, which is pig, aren't allowed to be eaten by humans. Basically, Muslims are forbidden to eat pigs. They don't allow people to eat pork because pigs are dirty, and if you eat bad meat, you get sick. That's why Islam doesn't allow people to eat pigs. 2) Women are supposed to wear hijabs to uncover their bodies so that other people/strangers won't see how they actually look like, and the women can only show themselves to other women, their husbands, and fathers... 3) What this means is that the Devil is only trying to make you addicted to drugs/alcoholic and gambling so you won't think about God. So, this is telling you to try to restrain themselves from doing it so they can still believe God. Basically, Muslims can't be on drugs. 4) This means to respect your parents who gave birth to you. Even though they become old, we shouldn't be rude to them (disrespect), and just say things in high respect. So, basically, we should respect our elders. Also, we should only believe in one god. 5) What this means is that where you pray to Allah (God) doesn't matter. Anywhere in this world is a place to pray, so when you really have to pray, we can pray at the place where we are right now.

__**Islam Assignment #4**__

__Journal Entry #1__ 613 C.E It's 613 C.E, and guess what? Muhammad told everyone, the message. What was the message? Well, he said that "There is only ONE god." Surprising, isn't it. After all these years we worshiped 300 gods, and out of all of them, only one? He claimed that God spoke through him through the Angel of Gabriel. We call the one and only God, Allah.

__Journal Entry #2__ 613 C.E ~ 621 C.E At first, when Muhammad told everyone about the message, not much people believed in it. However, the poor people/classes including me, believed in him because he told them that the rich and the poor were equal. The bad thing is that the other people, the higher classes, began to threaten him and do bad things to him. They persecuted him and his followers, which also includes me. The rich/higher classes feared that the message might forbid the people who came to Mecca to worship the gods they believed in to come, which might cause problems with trade and other stuff.

__Journal Entry #3__ 622 C.E Ok...here's some bad news. The persecution against Muhammad and us (as in the followers which includes me) became worse. People attempted assassinations, threats, and other horrible things. So, Muhammad made a good choice and sent his followers (including his family) to emigrate, which means to leave one's country, to Medina. He soon joined afterward, and the journey to Medina (when the followers and his family left to Medina) was called the Hijrah. I'll note that Hijrah means 'great emigration'.

 ** **1. What city is at the intersection of six trade routes?** The city Mecca is at the intersection of six trade routes. There was Copper, Grain, Incense, Ivory, Perfume, Silk, Spices, and Textiles that were produced on the Arabian peninsula. Arabia's location is a good one for trade because it's a crossroad of three continents (Africa, Europe, Asia), and it is also partly surrounded by bodies of water. So many settlements near Arabia's western coast became trading center for local, regional, and long-distance trade because the western coast is surrounded by (sort of) water, so they can trade with other continents (sea routes). Oases were important for trade because they became stops along the many trade routes that crossed the peninsula so the merchants or the people who are coming to Mecca or Medina can rest for the day, and you can also drink water and trade with other traders. Caravans go to Mecca during certain months so they can worship all of the gods they believe in. Mecca has the Ka'bah, which is a cube shape building which they thought Abraham himself built that to worship the gods. Pilgrimage is when you take a journey to go to a sacred area or place. So many trade routes developed on the Arabian peninsula because it's a great place for trade since it is at the intersection of six trade routes, and also there are three continents near the Arabian peninsula.
 * __Islam Assignment #3__
 * 2. What trade goods were produced on the Arabian peninsula?**
 * 3. Why is Arabia's location a good one for trade?**
 * 4. Why did so many settlements near Arabia's western coast become trading center?**
 * 5. Why were oases important for trade?**
 * 6. Why did caravans go to Mecca during certain months?**
 * 7. Clearly define 'pilgrimage'.**
 * 8. Explain why so many trade routes developed on the Arabian peninsula.**

__Islam Comic__



__**Islam Assignment #2**__

The Arabian peninsula is an arid region where it receives little rain. Only a small part of the land is useful for agriculture since it receives a little rain.
 * 1. What kind of climate does the Arabian peninsula have?**

Farmland are found in the southern mountains and the northern part of the peninsula.
 * 2. Where is it possible to farm on the Arabian Peninsula?**

Bedouins are Arab herders. They adapted to the arid region and are nomads. Nomads are people who move place from place instead of staying there permanently or forever.
 * 3. What are Bedouins? What are** **nomads?**

Bedouins look for water or they seek water and grazing land for their herds since they have to survive.
 * 4. What do Bedouins look for?**

What landscape they must cross (dessert), the amount of rainfall, and the availability of an oasis is what affects Bedouins routes.
 * 5. What three things affect Bedouins routes (paths) ?**

An oasis is a desert area that has water that has a lot of trees. Bedouins interact with the people who settled in the oasis. They probably trade.
 * 6. What is an oasis and what do Bedouins do there?**

Clans are groups of people who share the same ancestors.
 * 7. What are clans?**

Clans have their own unit of government. Clans also provide the security of the region.
 * 8. How are clans organized?**

The Bedouins were proud with their fighting skills. They were the //core// people in the armies of the creation of the Muslim Empire.
 * 9. How important were Bedouins in the creation of the Muslim Empire?**

__**Islam Assignment #1**__

I was kind of surprised that not all Muslims wore turbans and also everyone as in the Muslims acted differently. Actually I thought that they might act all the same despite how they usually are. However, I was wrong. They all acted differenty and did things differently, too.


 * __Ancient Rome Assignment #11__**

1. **The single most important thing I learned was...** The single most important thing I learned was that Rome had a lot of good things, but also bad things. For example, the good things were that Rome had a stable government AT FIRST, and other things. 2. **Something that confused me or that I didnt understand was...** 3. **What surprised me the most was...** What surprised me the most was...every thing. Well, not everything, but lots of things. I didn't really know a lot about Rome, but now I do. Well, I know about the gladiators and stuff, but I didn't know they had to go to a Gladiator //School//. 4. **I would like to know more about...** I would like to know more about more of the important Roman Wars. Maybe there aren't more, but I like to learn about history, as long as they aren't complicated. I mean, I'm not the up-to-date kind of person, like, knowing what's really going on right now. 5. **The part that I think I will always remember was...** The part that I think I will always remember was the part when I learned about the gladiators. I mean, I read it in a comic-ish style, well, in a fun way anyway. It was really fun, and funny, and it was cool what they did to the Ghauls...well, if I were them, it wouldn't be fun, though.
 * Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was the part when we were doing the table of the government positions. You know, the one with what the Senates, Consuls, and the Assembly can do. To me, it was confusing because it was REALLY stable. It's kind of hard to believe it wasn't broken for some time. **


 * Ancient Rome Assignment #10**

Political - The size of the empire was REALLY big, so the government officials couldn't really hear what's happening from some parts of the empire. The Romans had to have more money so they raised taxes. There were LOTS of other different people attacking Rome. There was conflict between the Senates, Consuls, and Emperors. Communicating with others that are far away is HARD or never get through. The soldiers were only loyal to their generals.

**Social****- The poor's jobs were taken away since more and more people came in. The poor couldn't afford things so got poorer and poorer so that the gap between the rich was //HUGE//. There were really really rich people and really really poor people. Crime increased and problems were everywhere.**


 * Economic****-** The expansion stopped, the amount of wealth and rich coming into Rome kind of stopped. Since they didn't conquer any land, new ideas, money, and other things stopped coming in. That caused financial problems and the price of material and food grew higher (eventually solved, but not in a too good way). People bought wheat bought Egyptian wheat since they were cheaper than the one the Italians were selling. So poverty came to the selling people. Roman currency lost its value.

__**Ancient Rome Assignment #9**__


 * 1. How were Christians treated in Rome? Why?**
 * The Christians were treated very badly, and were thought as a different group. Since they believed in only one god, and not the Roman gods, they were hunted as criminals. **


 * 2. Why did Christianity appeal to the poor?**
 * One reason is that you will go to heaven after you die. In the Roman religion belief, only gods go to heaven and other people go down to the underworld. And emperors are considered as gods. Another reason is that everyone is equal. **


 * 3****. How long were Christians** ****persecuted**** **? (Click on the word to read its meaning.)**
 * It lasted for nearly 300 years, and then an emperor allowed people to become Christians, which means he made it legal. However, being another religion was still illegal. So it was either Christianity or Roman belief. **


 * 4. How did Christianity become legal in Rome?**
 * Christianity became legal in Rome because there were lots and lots of people who believed in Christianity and so lots were hunted (probably). However, fortunately, and emperor allowed the belief to be legal.

//B. Using website 2, answer these questions in complete sentences on your wiki page.//** Augustus was the Roman Emperor when Jesus was born. **
 * 5. Who was Roman emperor when Jesus was born?

It was called Judah.
 * 6. Jesus was born in what we now call Israel. What was the name of this Roman province before we started calling it Israel?**

Jesus was eventually crucified because he preached for a long time. Well, the Jewish leaders didn't believe that Jesus was the son of God, and they really didn't like him saying that he was to other people. So the Jewish leaders asked the Roman Governor who was ruling over that province to get rid of him. A lot of people believed him and the leaders feared that he might lead a rebellion, and he said that he was the greatest sacrifice ** to God. So Jesus was eventually crucified because they thought he might lead a rebellion and they also didn't like him telling others he was the son of God.
 * 7. Clearly explain why Jesus was eventually crucified. Make sure to include all the important details. Your answer should be at least five sentences long.**

//C. Read your online textbook pages 280-285, and explain these words on your wiki page.//

8. plunder- to steal goods (loot) by force (//large groups going to small town and stealing things/beating people//)

9. barbarian- someone who is uncivilized (//anyone outside of Rome//)

10. Diocletian- Roman emperor who gained back order and divided the empire into eastern and western parts


 * 1) 3 ****What internal problems were faced by the Roman Empire?**
 * Rome soon stopped expanding. This caused tax to raise and other people to not afford such things. If you stop the expanding, it means that you don't really earn more money and wealth. That caused problems, and war increased. There were so many battles and that caused the farmland to be destroyed. Random soldiers were hired and lots of them weren't so loyal to the emperor, but they only showed loyalty to their generals. Also, the size of the empire was not something to laugh about. The government officials saw it hard to receive news about the different parts of the empire.

He changed the way the armies operated. Also, he helped the poor by making sure they were fed, and made sure the bread prices were low. Well, later, he realized that the empire was too big for him to control. So, he divided it into eastern and western parts and chose someone else to rule the western part, and he took the eastern part for him to control.
 * 1) 4 ****How did Diocletian try to solve the empire's problems?**


 * #5 ** **Why is 476 considered an important date in Roman history?**
 * 476 is considered an important date in Roman history because the Germanic tribes conquered Rome, and that was considered the fall of the Western Roman Empire.


 * 1) **6 **How did moving the capital from Rome to Constantinople in the east weaken the western part of the empire?**
 * The place where they settled was a great place to trade and had great defense, the east weakened the western part of the empire. So basically, the power shifted to the east and basically left the western part.

The Romans looked down on them, but they also feared the Germanic people. The Germanic people were considered as barbarians, people who were uncivilized. **
 * 1) 7 Why didn't the Romans make the Germanic peoples their allies?

__**Ancient Rome Assignment #8**__

1. **//Army://** The army became the BEST fighting force in the WORLD. About 300,000 men were in the army, and they guarded the frontiers. Also, they built a lot of things that helped the people in Rome and made them comfortable. They built roads, bridges, and tunnels that kind of connect the empire together. 2. **//Construction://** The army built roads, bridges, and tunnels that kind of connect the empire together. That made the people more comfortable since they don't really do the job themselves and they were probably thankful. 3. //**Navy:**// Augustus made a strong navy that patrolled or kept watch the Mediterranean Sea. That way, they can keep watch and make power around the Mediterranean Sea, which made the Roman Empire MORE powerful. 4. //**Areas of Control:**// From **//__Britain__//** in the North to __**//North Africa//**__ in the South and from __**//Mesopotamia//**__ in the East to __//**Spain**//__ in the West. 5. **//Trade//** (three __**different**__ examples)- Roman traders brought back //**olive oil from Spain**// and: a. **Textile** from **Gaul** b. **Marble** from **Greece** c. **Grain** from **Egypt** 6. **//Currency//**: Having a common currency across the empire was helpful because people didn't have to change it to another currency to buy something they want. First of all, it made life easier, and it saves some time.

__**Ancient Rome Assignment #5**__ 1. Italia which is now called Italy. 2. Mesopotamia which is now called Iraq. 3. Syria which is still called Syria.


 * //Use website #2 to answer these questions://

1. Where are you from and how were the Romans able to conquer you? I am from Gallia, and the the Romans were able to conquer me because the Ghauls (the people of Gallia) weren't so organized than the Romans. The Romans wore armor and follow careful worked out plans. However, we just go and fight without any careful worked out plans.

2. What are two consequences of your defeat? One consequence of my defeat is that you have to be separated from your family, and you may never see them ever again. Another consequence is that they will take my gold neck ring and bronze bracelets.

3. On the way back to Rome, some of your friends have died. Why? On the way back Rome, some of my friends died because they were either too weak to sustain the amount of miles they had to walk, and they die because it was too much for them.

4. What happens to you in the market? The slave-dealer shoves you to a platform and shows you to everyone. Everyone calls out a price which is how much money they would pay to buy you. And the you are sold to the person who calls out the highest number.

5. What will you become? What could you have become? Which is better? I will become a civilized gladiator. I could've been a slave who works in mines (I can never see daylight AGAIN), quarries, rowing boats, or farming (work in all kinds of weather). It is better to be a civilized gladiator than all the other jobs.

6. Who is your favorite person on staff? Why? My favorite person on staff is the Cook. Why? Do you really need to ask? That guy is the one who feeds us with porridge, instead of whipping or scolding or training us everyday. Man, if I just get a whiff of the porridge after some hard training, I bet my stomach will growl like crazy.

7. Which gladiator do you want to be? Why? I want to be a Samnite Gladiator because they have a big shield and sword. I chose this gladiator than the one who rides a horse and a chariot because the horses might go crazy and you might have a disadvantage. So, I think it's better if you don't have any horses and just be heavily equipped.

8. How will the crowd be entertained? First of all, you warm up with wooden swords. Then people just place bets on you or your opponent. After that, well, I just get my weapon depending on what kind of gladiator I am, and then I start the battle with my opponent.

9. When can you have a rest? I can have a rest midday, and at that time I can watch other Ghauls fight with other opponents.

10. How do you appeal to the emperor? I can appeal to the emperor by raising one finger on my left hand. Then the emperor will ask the crowd what they want to do with me. If the crowd swing their handkerchiefs and put a thumbs up, I live. If they put a thumbs down, then I die. However, if my opponent and I are still standing and are all worn out, we both live.

11. What happens to you?** Err...my opponent won and now I am dragged off the arena. well, this man dressed as a mythical creature cuts my head off or they just kill me, I don't know.


 * __Ancient Rome Assignment #4__**

Journal Entry #1 Dear Diary, My my my and my. My father is tired and I don't enjoy seeing him so weary. Those brutal and mean Romans. Those rotten scrambled potato eggs! I can't believe that they took Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia! Not only that, they made my DAD sign this paper that we would give them all our riches!!! That look...that look on dad's face...I hated it. I'm furious! I made a promise with dad that I will fight Rome and end their foolishness. Yesssssssss....I will do my best. Wish me good luck, diary. Buh-bye.

Journal Entry #2 Dear Diary, I am now in my twenties. I grew up into a great leader. My father and other people taught me a lot of things. It was very tiring, but I dealt with it. A man has to act like a man. Also, I always hear that I am a tricky man. I agree with them. Why? Well, once I fought with these people, and I attacked them by putting snakes in their ship. Clever, eh? They weren't ready to fight SNAKES. Aaaand~ that's how I won that battle. I am quite sure that I am going to do well when I battle Rome. Yes, it will be great. Oh...and dad died. Dad...he was such a good person...and they chose me to be the next general. I'm happy, but dad...

Journal Entry #3 Dear Diary, 90,000 foot soldiers, 12,000 cavalry, and 37 elephants. My plan was to take all of them around and up to north of Italy and attack from there. I'm a genius. However, the route was rugged and I didn't really expect that. Well, I did, but not that rugged. I lost more than half of my men and only one of my elephants survived. I decided to just bother the Romans like stealing food and weapons. They were annoyed, and I enjoyed it.

Journal Entry #4 Dear Diary, Err...the Romans attacked Carthage and agreed to peace terms with Rome, and they did it without ME. However, they changed their minds when I came back. Probably because they thought I was going to be mad when I hear about it. Anyways....well, the Romans got mad and attacked us, but I escaped. My people agreed on another peace term with the Romans and it was worse than the previous one. However, my people agreed and followed it. However, I am still bothering them.


 * Directions:** Imagine you are the young Hannibal from Carthage. You have seen your civilization humiliated and your riches taken by those nasty Romans. But then you grow up to fight those evil Romans by taking 40,000 men and 37 elephants to Italy to attack the Romans.

Please write __**four**__ diary/journal entries on your wiki page as if you are Hannibal from **when Hannibal was young to the end of the second Punic war**. Remember that you are Hannibal so you must write in the first person (I, me, my) about what is happening to you, your people and how you feel about what is happening in the battles of the first and second Punic wars. **You may use Reading #1 to help you with this assignment.**


 * __Ancient Rome Assignment #3__**

1. According to our textbook, as Rome expanded, how did it treat the people it conquered? Be specific. Rome made people pay taxes and the have soldiers join the army. However, they didn't have any harsh rules. They were allowed to govern themselves.

2. Who were the Punic Wars against? The Punic wars were against Carthage. 3. Who won all three Punic Wars? The Romans won all three Punic Wars. However, they were almost close to a tie in the second war. 4. How did Hannibal try to capture Rome in the second Punic War? Hannibal crossed the land with a herd of elephants and almost captured Rome

5. How was Hannibal forced to return to Carthage? The Romans decided to make a plan and attack Carthage. That made Hannibal to force himself to go back to his town and defend it.

6. What did Rome do to Carthage in 146 B.C.E.? Why do you think the Romans did this? Rome laid seige to Carthage and was finally captured and destroyed. They sold the 50,000 inhabitants (people who were living in Carthage) as slaves. And later, Carthage was made into Rome's land or territory.

7. What were the results of the Roman expansion? Give specific positive and negative examples. The Romans brought back lots of money and slaves. They also brought huge estates and farming labors. However, that caused farmers to lose their jobs. Also, unemployment and poverty increased and people got angry because there was a huge gap between the two classes, rich and poor.


 * __Ancient Rome Assignment #2__**

//1. What were the differences between being a patrician or a plebeian? Patricians were the upper class people, including rich people and landowners. They thought that their ancestors were the first people to settle Rome. However, the plebeians were the lower class Roman citizens, and they were poorer than the patricians, since they were either peasants, artisans, farmers, laborers, or shopkeepers. // //**2. After Rome overthrew the Etruscan king, Tarquinius Superbus, they set up a republic. How did this form of government work?** 300 people were elected to rule Rome instead of a king. They were called Senates. Their job was to make laws, serve as judges, and appoint officials. Also, the Senators had to choose people to become Consuls, which are leaders. // //**3. How is Rome's republican government different that what we have in Korea, the United States, or England today?**// The Romans had to //__elect__// 300 hundred people. However, in Korea, we don't elect 300 people to be Senates, and two people to be the leader. //**4. What was the Conflict of Orders and what did the Plebeians do in protest?** The Conflict of Orders was when the plebeians demanded for more political rights for themselves. The Plebeians also moved away from the Patricians and stopped working. That caused problems so the Patricians had no choice but to make a compromise. // //**5. What changes were made to the government to resolve this conflict and placate (make happy) the plebeians?** The plebeians moved away which caused problems for the Patricians, so they had no other choice but to make a compromise. So, they allowed the Plebeians to choose ten people to join the Senates which were called Tribunes of the Plebs. They can use veto which means 'I forbid', and were used by the Plebs. //

__**Ancient Rome Assignment #1**__

The Greeks controlled the southern part of Italy, the part where it's kind of surrounded by bodies of water.
 * //1. What part of Italy did the Greeks control?//**

2. Rome was near the Mediterranean Sea and was also was next to the Tiber River. There were mountains bordering Rome, so it protected Rome. Greece doesn't really have mountains bordering it. Also, Rome had flat land.

//**3. What natural/geographic advantages did Rome have**////**?**// Rome was built on hills. It had fertile land, mild climate, and lots of water. Well, Rome was right next to the Tiber River, so they had plenty of water. Rome was also near the Mediterranean Sea, so they can trade.

I think the Romans were able to unify their peninsula because they were all connected, so they can communicate easily and become one. The Greeks, however, were kind of separated from each other, so they couldn't really unify their place.
 * //4. Why do you think the Romans were able to unify their peninsula and the Greeks could not?//**

The legend is that Romulus and Remus fought over what they should name this place. And they fought so much that Romulus killed his twin brother and named the place Rome. The Latins found Rome, and it had mild climate, fertile land, and lots of water since it was right next to the Tiber river. So the Latins settled in Rome.
 * //5. According to Roman mythology, how was Rome founded? What was the real story of how Rome was founded?//**

509 BCE is an important date in Roman history because that date was when they formed a republic, which is when you can elect representatives to rule in their name.
 * //6. Why is 509 BCE an important date in Roman history?//**

7. **Republic** is a government when the people can vote or elect representatives to rule in their name.