Tabbara+SS+C+-+Jasmine

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__** The Renaissance **__

__Assignment 3__
media type="custom" key="6270637" __** Middle Ages **__ =__Assignment 9__= Source: Online Textbook pages 481-482 (also read captions of the images)

Answer these questions on your wiki page with **clear** and **complete** details.


 * 1) What was the bubonic plague and what were the symptoms?
 * The Bubonic plague was the plaque that struck Eurasia in the mid-1300s. The symptoms consisted of severe chills, fever, convulsions, vomiting, dark spots on their skin, and swollen glands. A person with bubonic plague usually died within a few days. It killed about one-thirds of the population in Europe.
 * 1) How did the plague travel from Asia to Europe?
 * The plague traveled from Asia to Europe through trade routes and sea routes. It first went to Europe in October 1347 through a trading ship. The disease spread very quickly, and soon, countries like Germany, France, and England were all affected. The rats were on the ship, and they spread the plague.
 * 1) Describe the widespread effects of the bubonic plague.
 * Some of the widespread effects of the plague was that wars stopped and trade declined. Some landowners were ruined because there was not enough people to do labor for them, but it also led to economic recovery for some because they could demand more pay for labor. It weakened feudalism because workers could move around for higher wages.Christians thought that the plague was punishment from God, and they blamed Jews. 20 to 30 million people were killed by the year 1400.

=Assignment 5= Kitchen - It is where kitchen staff and the cook work to make food for all the people in the castle- over 300. - The kitchen was the place where the food was cooked for the people. That was usually done over large open fires there. They mostly ate fish or bread. - The workers have to work very hard to make all the food for the people. Since they have to get a lot of work with fire and knives done, I expect there were many injuries.

Tournament - This is where everyone gathers to watch competitions and knights jousting. There are market stalls around. - People watched these for entertainment. Knights were supposed to knock each other off with poles on horses. - Everyone likes these tournaments and enjoy them. Although the knights die occasionally, it is usually fun.

Gatehouses - The area is a place at the very outside of the castle. It was the very first place people attacked. - Soldiers kept guard and tried their best to kill anyone who tried to get past. Sometimes, to stop them, guards dropped things through murder holes, which were in the vaulted ceilings. - I think the soldiers would've been very cautious and hazardous all the time because they would never know whether an enemy would walk in. I think they would also be uncomfortable because the gatehouses would probably be small and they would have to look like there was no people in there or not much, so they would probably be stiff.

Lord and Lady Sherwood's Rooms - It is the castles household with rooms. - They keep servants there and I expect that the castle people live there. - Their rooms are old and falling apart, but comfortable.

Royal Apartments - They are the apartments built specially for the king. - He is to use them whenever he needs to stop by. It is luxurious compared to the other places in the castle. - Life was very comfortable and suitable because that was what a lot of money was used on- to improve their accomodations.

__ **Assignment 2** __ Source 1: [|Merovingian Kings] Source 2: [|Clovis] After playing //Barbarian Jeopardy//, you should have some idea of the many different barbarian tribes that took control of what we now call Europe. There are actually more tribes we did not talk about. 1. Since these barbarian tribes were in the "Dark Ages", do you think they were friendly towards each other? Why or why not? They were desperate and they wanted each other's lands, so they were probably not friendly towards each other during the Dark Ages (the name "Dark Ages" also suggests that they weren't very friendly.) 2. Name two tribes and the modern European nations (or parts of modern nations) they used to control. The Visigoths used to control most of Spain and parts of France. The Ostrogoths controlled Italy. 2. One of the tribes we didn't study was called the Merovingians. Who were the Merovingians? (Use source 1 to answer this question.) The Merovingians were the largest of the Germanic tribes, and they settled in an area that is now part of western Germany and France. 3. Who was Clovis and why was his conversion to Christianity important in history? (Use source 2) Clovis was a brutal warrior, and also a Merovingian king. His conversion to Christianity was important in history because he encouraged his people to also convert to Christianity, and they would be a big part in defending Christianity against invading Muslims later on.

Directions: Using the source above, answer these questions clearly on your wiki page.**  1. 476 CE is considered the beginning of the Middle Ages. 2. Medieval is the Latin name for the Middle Ages. 3. The Middle Ages were often called the Dark Ages because life was very hard. People's belief in Christianity was their only hope during these difficult times because when you die, you know it'll be over. 4. While Europe was in the "Dark Ages", In the rest of the world, life was getting better and easier. They were making advances. The Muslims in the Middle East and North Africa studied and improved on the works of the ancient Greeks while civilization flourished in sub-Saharan Africa, China, India, and the America/5. The Dark Ages lasted 1000 years and they ended in 1450 CE. 6. Renaissance means rebirth, and during this time, Columbus sailed to America, literacy spread, scientists made great discoveries, and artists created work. It was the beginning of modern history. __** Civilizations of the Americas **__ = = = = = = =__Assignment 14__= Now that we are finished learning about civilizations of the Americas, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about the Aztecs, Mayas, and Incas. Please complete these sentences **clearly** and with **specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. 1. The single most important thing I learned was the achievements of the Mayas. I learned that most of the things that they achieved contributed to our modern knowledge. Most of the things we know today are credited to the Mayas findings. 2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was how the Incas used quipus. It seems like a very confusing system. 3. What surprised me the most was that people performed human sacrifice. I was shocked at how the people were so inhumane, and was surprised at their reasoning for it too. I would've thought that Aztecs would have more common sense than that. 4. I would like to know more about codexs and their place in the world. I don't know many things about them because we went through just a quick lesson about it in the textbook. I want to know in specifics what types of pictures came out, the quality of the pictures, etc. 5. The part that I think I will always remember was how the civilizations played the ball game. Through the simulation for one of our assignments, I got to know the ball game very well.
 * __Assignment 1__

=__Assignment 13__= media type="custom" key="5792443"

= = =__Assignment 11__= Directions: The following questions are related to our Inca rule simulation. Please answer the questions **clearly** and with **details** on your wiki page.


 * 1) The food that the group I was governing produced potatoes. Since it was easy to draw them, they made a lot; more than other groups.
 * 2) The food in each group was taken partly by the governers as a tribute to Sapa Inca. For groups who accepted the terms, only half of their food tokens were taken. However, for groups who refused to accept them, all the tokens were taken except two.
 * 3) I think some groups accepted Inca demands because they were scared, and knew that someone would do something if they refused to. I remember that one group said that they accepted the terms because they had a lot of tokens remaining even if half was taken, because they had made a lot.
 * 4) The disadvantages to a group that resisted Inca rule were that all the tokens except 2 were taken from them, two people were sent to the graveyard, and the remaining two people had to go to different quarters who accepted the terms.
 * 5) The Inca empire was very large (see map above). The groups in the empire which would most likely succeed in resisting are the groups near mountains because they might be able to protect themselves and use the mountains as a barrier against people who might want to attack them.
 * 6) The Inca leadership style helped expand and maintain the empire because, whether the groups accepted or resisted the terms, they got benefits. If the groups accepted, the Inca government got a fair amount of food tokens, they got weaved items, and more people learned their language. If the groups resisted, the government got almost ALL their food tokens, and could send some of the people in that group to the cemetary, and the other people to other groups who would get affected by the other people and think differently.

=Assignment 10= =media type="custom" key="5563955"= =Assignment 9= media type="custom" key="5495927"

=Assignment 7= =media type="custom" key="5421717"=

=__Assignment 6__=
 * Directions: Find three different perspectives about what will happen in December, 2012. For example, one perspective from some people is that the Mayas predicted that the world would end. For each perspective, write a one to two sentence __explanation__ what the perspective is and a link to the source. Use these headings to help you organize your answers on your wiki page.**

Perspective 1: The world will end in 2012. Explanation: There are many reasons to support that the world will most probably end in 2012, and the Mayas' prediction is one of them. They managed to calculate the length of the lunar moon as 329.53020 days very accurately, so they've probably got the calendar right as well. Source: http://www.merinews.com/article/the-world-will-end-in-2012-say-experts/139440.shtml

Perspective 2: The world will not end in 2012. Explanation: Just because the Mayas only made the calendar until the year 2012, it doesn't mean the world will end then. The cycle will probably just start over, or go on. Source: http://www.universetoday.com/2008/05/19/no-doomsday-in-2012/

Perspective 3: The world will be reunited in 2012. Explanation: On December 21st, 2012, the sun will be in a position to 'form a gateway' between the souls in the Universe and Earth. All hatefulness is to disappear and love is to reign. (?) Source: http://www.exitmundi.nl/Maya.htm

Assignment 5

 * Please go to the websites linked and answer the following questions clearly and in complete sentences on your wiki page.**


 * Explore The Ball Game: answer questions from four sections of “explore the ball game”**

1. The ball used in “the ball game” weighed about 8 pounds.

2. Human skulls sometimes made up the core of the ball.

3. Two other Mesoamerican uses of rubber are shoes and containers.

4. Europeans of the time made balls from leather.

5. Mesoamericans made the balls harder/bouncier by mixing morning glories (flowers) with rubber.

6. Raw rubber is called latex.

7. Draw a label diagram (with gear explanation) of a properly dressed ballplayer.

8. The ball court was shaped like a capital letter, "I".

9. The three parts of the court was the wall, bench, and playing alley. The wall allowed people to bank the ball in order to keep it in play. The bench is a flat surface at the base of the ball court walls. Around 2 feet tall, the walls of the bench were often decorated with relief sculpture illustrating scenes of human sacrifice. The playing alley is the field where the people played the game. The playing surface often had a plaster or stone floor. End Zones were the end parts of the playing alley.

10. People are not sure whether women played the game or not. Figurines have been discovered which suggest this, but no one knows what they represent.

11. The losers of a ball game usually served as human sacrifices.

12. Sketch (in your notebook) “the loser” and “the priests” from the stone relief at El Tajin.

13. You say “he the ballplayer” in Mayan as "Ah Pitzlaw".

14. This sport is 3,500 years old.

15. There are five similarities between the ballgame and our modern athletic events are: -Devoted Fans The fans enjoyed and focused on the games for different reasons. Then, it was because of religious beliefs, but now, it's for watching, talking, and reading about their favorite teams. -Sports Arenas A lot of space was supplied to let there be a lot of space for spectators to watch. -Local Rivalry The games have rivalry. -Half-time Shows During games, they have entertainment, like music, dancing, etc. -Gambling Many things are lost on gambling at these games and nowadays at modern athletic events when people bet upon who would win.


 * Experience Game: “Watch Game” and answer questions then try “Play Game”**

16. What we learn about Mesoamericans from the model is what they wore, how they spent their time, and how they interacted.

17. Courts were built in villages.

18. We can tell that spectators enjoyed themselves because you can see in the pictures that they are crouched forward with their hands over each other, concentrated on the games. Families are there and people playing drums (cheer?).

19. There were three players on each team.

20. They hit the ball with their hips.

21. The losers were not always killed.

=Assignment 4=

= = = = =__**Assignment 3**__= Using your Internet research skills, find two primary sources and two secondary sources about the Mayans. Put the links of all four sources on your wiki page. For each link explain why it is a primary source or secondary source. Primary Sources: 1. http://manifestingabundance.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/mayan-disk.jpg This is a mayan disk that was used in their times. It is from that time and was used by the people there, so it is a primary source. 2. the picture -> http://www.michielb.nl/maya/math.html Shows the system of math they used then. It was not used after; just used my the Mayyans themselves. Secondary Sources 1. http://www.enjoyguatemala.com/culture.htm This is some i nformation on the Mayans. The Mayans themselves didn't write it, nor did someone write it at the same time; It was written after their reign by a researcher. 2.http://teaser-trailer.co = = m/2008/11/2012-movie-trailer.html The movie 2012 has something to do with the Mayan history. It says that the Mayan calendar shows that the world will end in 2012. = = =Korea=

Sources:
 * Assignment 1**
 * Textbook pages 435-437
 * []
 * []
 * [|http://www.] [|lifeinkorea.com/information/history1.cfm]

Directions: Read the three pages above and use the links, then, go to the 3D Timeline page on the C Block page. Make a third parallel timeline and input the Korean dates on your timeline. For each date, you must provide a clear **three to five sentence summary** of what happened on that date in Korean history. Make sure to include an image for each date. (Note: Most of the information for your summaries will be in your textbook. You will only have to use the links for a few summaries.)

= //**ISLAM**// =

= media type="custom" key="4909049"media type="custom" key="4968893" = =__Assignment 9__= Now that we are finished learning about Islam, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Islam and Islamic civilization. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page. 1. The single most important thing I learned was... not to stereotype Muslims and that many Muslims are important people in the world with many achievements that we still apply to our everyday lives. 2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... why Muslims respected Mecca so much. Even after Muhammad and his allies were persecuted and chased from Mecca, they still prayed in the direction of Mecca. 3. What surprised me the most was... the culture of Muslims and how they are so intent in worshiping their god, Allah. 4. I would like to know more about... why Muhammad, and his relatives,'s image may not be displayed in any way. 5. The part that I think I will always remember was... the five pillars, because I learned about those a lot and concentrated on those very much because they were interesting, and it was cool that they had specific laws for you to prove that you are a real Muslim. 6. How has your view of Muslims and Islam changed? At the beginning, I had a stereotype against them, thinking they were people who broke the law all the time and had only the goal to make life harder for others and always get into trouble. However, I found out that, without them, we would've not had some major achievements, and that they are as good people as people of other religions.

Read the information from the pages carefully and do the following activity. Copy this table into your wiki page and then fill in the blank parts (the cells with ### ) with clear and specific information. **Then answer the question below the table**. 2. Omar Khayyam || 1. Made the arabic numbering system 2. created a very accurate calendar using math and astronomy || 1. We still use this numbering system today. 2. || 2. Ibn Sina || 1.identified and described smallpox and measles 2. Wrote //The Canon of Medicine// in 1000 || 1. Improved upon the work of other scientists 2. His work was used as a medical reference for 600 years. || A**ssignment 6** Directions: Read the pages from your online textbook and answer the following questions **clearly and with specific details**. 1. Complete this sentence with clear and detailed information: // After the death of Uthman, Ali was finally chosen to be caliph, but he was assassinated in 661. This led to the end of the system of selecting caliphs as well. // 2. What did the Umayyads do after they took over? Be clear and specific. They moved the capital to Damascus, and the Umayyads set up a hereditary dynasty after they took over. That meant that there was a particular family that would rule, and the power to rule was passed on down the family. 3. Complete this sentence: // Arab Muslims were upset because they felt that Damascus, the new capital, was too far away. // 4. How did Islam end up being split into two parts? Be clear and specific. Islam ended up being split into two parts because some people agreed with the Umayyads' rule, while some didn't and refused to accept it. THe people who agreed where the Sunnis, and the ones who didn't were the Shi'a, which means "the party of Ali" (It's members were called the Shiites). 5. How does the selection of rulers for the Shi'a and Sunnis differ? The selection of prophets for the Sunnis was that anyone could be a ruler as long as he/she was Muslim. However, for the Shi'a, the ruler had to be a descendent of Ali. 6. Can you think of another religion that ended up splitting into two parts? When did this happen? Christianity also split in two parts. This happened at 1053 A.D. 7. Why do you think these religions that split into two parts never decide to rejoin each other? I think that these religions that split into two parts never decided to rejoin each other because they think totally different now and cannot compromise their beliefs.
 * A****ssignment 7**
 * = __**Subject/Area**__ ||= __**Who**__ ||= __**What did he/they do?**__ ||= __**Why useful?**__ ||
 * Mathematics || 1. al-Khwarizmi
 * Medicine || 1. Al-Kwarizimi
 * Art || Muslim Artists || Became very skilled at calligraphy || Was used to decorate everything from buildings to armor ||
 * Astronomy || al-Biruni || determined the direction of Mecca from any point on earth || Enables Muslims everywhere to succeed in facing Mecca when praying ||
 * Literature || Omar Khayyam || Mastered the quatrain || Poetry was used as a way to pass on stories of great victorie.s ||
 * Source: Online Textbook pages 318-319

Assignment 5 Each quote below from the Qur'an explains how Muslims should live their lives. Read each quote carefully and use the links to help with some of the vocabulary or phrases. Then, ** = using your own words, clearly explain on your wiki page what each quote is telling Muslims. Some quotes explain more than one idea. =

of [|swine], and that, on which [|Allah's name has not been (spoken)]." = Muslims are not allowed to eat pig, or swine, as they are called here. Also, you can only eat blessed food, or Hala (blessed by a priest).
 * "(Food) forbidden to you are...the flesh

"And say to the believing women that they should... [|not display their beauty]... (and) display their beauty only to their husbands, fathers, sons, brothers, other women..." = Women should cover themselves with hijabs and not let themselves be seen by other people, with the exception of relatives and other women.

"Satan's plan is (only) to excite hatred between you with [|intoxicants] and gambling, and stop you from remembering Allah and from prayer: Will ye not then [|abstain]?" = Muslims are not allowed to drink alcohol, and they can't gamble.

"Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but him and that ye be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in their life say not to them a word of (disrespect), nor [|repel] them, but (speak) to them in terms of honor." = Believe one god, and you are always to be polite to God and your parents.

"The earth is a mosque for you, so wherever you are at the time of prayer, pray there." = As long as you will pray, it does not matter where you do it. Pray wherever/whenever you want. ** **__Assignment 4__**
 * Sources:**
 * **Online Textbook, page 311**
 * __[|Muhammad's Message] __
 * __[|The Hijrah]__
 * __** (Note: Yathrib=Medina and Mecca=Makkah ) **__

Imagine you are Muhammad's supporter/friend. You have faithfully been with Muhammad since he got his message from God. Using __**all**__ of the sources above, write at least __**three**__ journal entries (at least three sentences for each entry) on your wiki page that explain what you have experienced in your life being with Muhammad starting in Mecca and then ending in what happened in 622 C.E.. You must use **real dates** for your entries and use **real information** based on your knowledge of Muhammad and the world around him. Remember to write your journal in the first person (i.e. //I// or //my//). Remember that you are Muhammad's **__friend__**.

Muhammad has told me that Gabriel spoke to him and said, "You are the Messenger of God." I find the idea that there is one spiritual god, Allah, around us and looking over us rather than us worshiping statues. This was the start of Islam- Muhammad spreading the idea, and calling it Islam, a new religion. Many people are against this change because they are afraid that they'll earn less money.
 * 1: October 2nd, 613 BCE

People are everywhere, trying to kill us and end our religion by trying to kill us off and hurling stones at us. They pretend that they don't want to stop worshiping their idols, but all they really care about is money. However, the number of Muslims are increasing dramatically. We are all going to stay strong and be loyal to our one and only god, and sticking with him until we die.
 * 2: July 21st, 617 BCE

The killing of Muslims got to be too much, so we have run away from Mecca, and are at Yathrib. However, we named the city Medina, which means "city of the prophet". All 60 families of us crossed the desert, and the journey there was called the Hijrah. The people of Medina enjoyed the idea of only worshiping Allah.
 * 3: February 2nd, 622 BCE

**__Assignment 3__** Source: Online Textbook, pages 309-310 Using the source above (including the map on page 309), answer these questions **clearly** and **with details** on your wiki page. 1. Mecca is at the intersection of six trade routes. 2. Copper, incense, and perfume were produced on the Arabian peninsula. 3. It is a cross road to 3 continents (Africa, Europe, and Asia)and is surrounded by bodies of water so it is a good location for trade. 4. So many settlements near Arabia's western coast become trading centers because they were near many sea routes, so it is easy to go. 5. Oases were important for trade because people coming to Mecca could rest there, drink the water that oases supplied, and trade. 6. C[|aravans] went to Mecca during certain months because they had to take people to the Kah'bah to worship. 7. The journey to a sacred place is called a 'pilgrimage'. 8. So many trade routes developed on the Arabian peninsula because so many people came to trade in Mecca. Also, many people came to worship in the Ka'aba. Islam Comic:Jasmine Lee and Jennifer Choi Source: Online Textbook, pages 307 & 308
 * __Assignment 2__**

Read textbook pages 307 & 308 then answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.

1. The Arabian peninsula has an arid climate and is dry. 2. It possible to farm on the Arabian peninsula in the southern mountains and just north of the peninsula. 3. **Bedouins** are the Nomadic Arabs of the desert. **Nomads** are people who travel from place to place and don't move around. 4. Bedouins seek water and grazing land for their herds. 5. The three things affect Bedouins routes (paths) are landscape, the amount of rainfall, and the availability of an oasis. 6. An **oasis** is a desert area that contains water and Bedouins interact with people who stay there. 7. Clans are groups in with people who share a common ancestor. 8. Clans are organized by its own government system. 9. Because of their fighting abilities, Bedouins became the core army that would help create the Islam Empire. **__Assignment 1__** In class you were introduced to Islam. In our unit on Islam, you will learn a lot about the history of Islam. Based on what we discussed in class and the photo gallery activity, clearly explain on your wiki page what has surprised you or changed your perspective so far about Islam. Your response should be at least three sentences long.

At first, I thought that Islams all wore turbans, were poor, and didn't have much technology. After looking at the pictures and examining them closely, I found out that a few of them wore turbans, but not all of them. Their clothing was different according to the places where they lived and the different clothing there. Also, some Islams are poor, and some are rich. The rich ones have modern technology like TV.

**Assignment 11**

Now that we are finished with ancient Rome, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Rome. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... About the Punic Wars and Julius Caesar.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... Why the Senate made Julius Caesar dictator for life.

3. What surprised me the most was... How mean Rome was- I thought Rome was nice!!! >_< 4. I would like to know more about... The crazy/weird emperors like Caligula.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was... Julius Caesar. I really got to know him well... Especially because, apart from the comic we did, me and my partner did the presentation about HIM, and so we, pretty much, learned the whole thing twice. **Assignment 10** Use the links above to investigate the collapse of the Roman Empire. Political Causes: -Roman emperors ruled poorly -Pats had too much power -Too many people attacking -Constant conflict -It was hard to rule over the empire properly because it was so big -Can't communicate with others because Rome is too big. Economical Causes: -Trade declined -Roman money lost value -Poverty increases -The price of food increased -Diocletian moved most of Rome's money to the Eastern Empire after he divided Rome into two -Raised taxes Social Problems -Rome grew too big -Classes -Soldiers gave their loyalty to the generals instead of Rome A. Using website 1, answer these questions in complete sentences on your wiki page. 1. The Christians were treated like criminals in Rome because they only believed in the Roman gods it was against the law to be a Christian. 2. Christianity appealed to the poor because it promised life after death in heaven (instead of everyone except the gods going to hell) and everyone is equal in Christianity (instead two different distinct classes). 3. The Christians were persecuted for 300 years. 4. Christianity became legal in Rome because Emperor Constantine ruled that Christianity was legal and Christians no longer would be punished for their beliefs.
 * Assignment 9**

B. Using website 2, answer these questions in complete sentences on your wiki page. 5. Augustus was Roman emperor when Jesus was born. 6. Jesus was born in what we now call Israel. The name of this Roman province before we started calling it Israel was Judea. 7. Jesus was eventually crucified because the Jewish leaders didn't believe he was the son of God. They said it was a problem with him saying that to everyone. Especially since they thought it wasn't true. They asked the Roman governor to get rid of him for various reasons. One was that they thought he might lead a rebellion against Rome. Pilate made his soldiers hang Jesus from a cross to kill him.

C. Read your online textbook pages 280-285, and explain these words on your wiki page. 8. plunder- to take things by force 9. barbarian- someone who is not Roman 10. Diocletian- the Roman emperor who divided Rome into two

Questions #3 to #7 from page 285 3)The internal problems that were faced by the Roman empire were that it made people give higher taxes, poverty, loyalty only to the generals, and they had a decline in agriculture. 4) Diocletian tried to take care of the empire's problems by dividing the east and the west. 5) 476 is considered an important date in Roman history because that was when the Roman empire fell and the Germanic tribes took over. 6) Moving the capital from Rome to Constantinople in the east weakened the western part of the empire because all of the power suddenly shifted to the east and the west suddenly became weaker and so the barbarians took advantage of this. 7) The Romans didn't make Germanic people their allies because they thought that the Germanic people were barbarians and looked down upon them.

//*Constantine named the capital Constantinople after himself.. What great achievements were made during the Pax Romana? In complete sentences, __clearly explain__ each achievement. Rome became the strongest force with 300,000 men. 1. Army: It became the greatest fighting force in the world. 300,000 men served in the army. 2. Construction: The army built roads, bridges, and tunnels together. 3. Navy: A strong navy that patrolled the Mediterranean sea. 4. Areas of Control: From North Africa in the North to Britain in the South and from Mesopotamia in the East to Spain in the West.
 * memorize #5 //important!!//
 * Assignment 8**

5. Trade (three different examples)- Roman traders brought back// olive oil from Spain //and: a. Marble from Athens b. Timber from Gades c. Textiles from Gaul

6. Currency: Having a common currency across the empire was helpful because it made trade easier and you didn't have to worry about changing your money to another currency. 1. The expansion of the Rome Republic hurt the plebians and helped the patricians mostly. This was because the expansion of the Rome Republic not only increased the gap between the plebs and pats, but with the great amounts of money coming in to Rome from other countries, it was all going to the pats. Also, the pats could take the plebs land with no warning. 2. The historical figure(s) that believed most strongly that the military expansion of the Roman Republic helped Rome was Fulvia and Hortensia. This is because Fulvia thought it made life better for rich and the poor, so it would be best, and Hortensia thought that it would help the women rights. 3. The historical figure(s) that believed most strongly that the military expansion of the Roman Republic hurt Rome is Spartacus because he did so much against it, like setting up a huge arm, and he had many reasons to argue why. 4. The military expansion of the Roman Republic might have led to the rise of Roman emperors because at the military expansion, the emperor would have taken control of how the pats treated the plebs and gave them rights. 5. It is important to analyze a variety of perspectives when studying an event like the expansion of the Roman Republic because different people felt different ways and it is not fair not to accept all of them, and you need to know both sides of the story. 1. Using website #1,// Use website #2 to answer these questions: 2. I am from Gallia and the Romans were able to conquer us by invading our country. 3. Two consequences of my defeat is that I may never see my home or family again, and that the Romans will take our country's jewelery. 4. On the way back to Rome, some of my friends have died because you are marched from Gallia to Rome- which is hundreds of miles, and some people couldn't withstand that. 5. In the market, I am sold and bought (after being advertised). 6. I will become a gladiator. I could have been sent to mine, quarry, row, or farm. Becoming a gladiator is better. 7. My favorite person on staff is the cook because he feeds me. :] 8. The gladiator I want to be is the Essadarius because it seems as if he has lots of armor, a weapon (spear), and a way to get around quickly (his horse and chariot). 9. The crowd is entertained by the warm-up fight, gambling, and when a gladiator fights his/her opponent. 10. You have a rest at midday when you watch pairs of criminals fight to death. 11. You appeal to the emperor by raising the index finger of your left hand. 12. You lose, and die. Directions:** Imagine you are the young Hannibal from Carthage. You have seen your civilization humiliated and your riches taken by those nasty Romans. But then you grow up to fight those evil Romans by taking 40,000 men and 37 elephants to Italy to attack the Romans. 1. What a blow to Carthage's pride. What a disgrace to see my father humiliated like that, forced to give up Carthage's most valued possessions to them. //The Romans. The countries obtained by our hard work...those trophies all taken by them. I shall avenge my father... no matter WHAT happens. I will destroy them, and make them sorry they ever even thought to do such a thing. 2. At the age of 26, I am finally able to keep my promise and annihilate Rome. I will go there by land instead of through the ocean, where no one would dare go. They won't know what hit them! I'll also bring along 37 elephants and 40,000 men to help attack. It'll be such a surprise, and they'll be ruined. 3. Our future looks dim. 1/3 of our men dead, and all but 1 of our elephants gone. This journey is much harder than I expected, but the rest of us, we'll keep going until not one of us is still alive. I trust my soldiers, and I know they have also been seething with anger after seeing what Rome did to our country. Hopefully, we will succeed in our mission and come back proud, redeeming glory. 4. After arriving at Rome, things went pretty well. We were able to overpower many legions. However, Scipio, that horrible person, decided to attack Carthage, forcing me to withdraw and go back to help them. I'm sorry, Father. You did everything you could, and I failed. You// trusted// me, and I couldn't do it.
 * Assignment 6**
 * Assignment 5**
 * Three Roman province names that I recognize are Mesopotamia, Italia, and Syria.
 * The modern name of the Roman provinces that I listed are Iraq, Italy, and Syria.
 * Assignment 4

Please write __**four**__ diary/journal entries on your wiki page as if you are Hannibal from **when Hannibal was young to the end of the second Punic war**. Remember that you are Hannibal so you must write in the first person (I, me, my) about what is happening to you, your people and how you feel about what is happening in the battles of the first and second Punic wars. **You may use Reading #1 to help you with this assignment.** 1. According to our textbook, as Rome expanded, it did not impose harsh rule on the people it conquered. They offered Roman citizenship to most of them and allowed them to govern themselves. 2. The Punic Wars were against Carthage. 3. Rome won all three wars but almost lost the second. 4. Hannibal try to capture Rome in the second Punic War by crossing the Alps with a herd of elephants and nearly capturing Rome. 5. Hannibal was forced to return to Carthage because of the Roman General Scipio's plan. 6. Rome captured and destroyed Carthage in 146 B.C.E. I think the Romans did this because they were afraid Carthage would attack them first. 7. The were many results of the Roman expansion. Some positive examples are that it brought back great wealth and many slaves. Some negative examples are that unemployment and poverty increased.
 * Assignment 3**

1. The differences between being a patrician and a plebian is that a patrician is that the plebians have far less privileges. 2. After Rome overthrew the Etruscan king, Tarquinius Superbus, they set up a republic. This form of government worked with voting for a senator and having that senator choose other leaders to help lead the country. They decided upon laws as well. There are 2 counsels. 3. The Rome's republican government different that what we have in Korea, the United States, or England today because only patricians could become consuls or senators. 4. The Conflict of Orders is when the plebians demanded more right for themselves. The Plebeians moved away from Rome and refused to go into the army in protest. 5. The changes that were made to make happy the plebians were that 10 plebians (tribunes of the plebs) were elected to say "Veto!" which meant "I forbid!" to some laws they thought were unfair.
 * Assignment 2**


 * Assignment 1**
 * 1) The part of Italy that the Greeks controlled was the southern part.
 * 2) How was Rome's geography different from that of Greece because, while Greece was mountainous, Rome was flat.
 * 3) The natural/geographic advantages Rome had was that it had a "shield", with mountains (the Alps and the Apennines) surrounding them
 * 4) I think Romans could unify their peninsula and Greeks could not because while Greece was mountainous, it was hard to communicate and trade. However, Rome's flat land made it easier.
 * 5) According to Roman mythology, how was Rome founded was from the twins, Romulus and Remus, who fought over the location of Rome. Rumus was killed, and Romulus named the place Rome. The real story was that the first settlers of Rome were the Latins who came from a region surrounding Rome and chose the spot for its mild climate, good farmland, and strategic location.
 * 6) 509 BC is an important time in history because that was when they overthrew the Etruscan king, and became a republic.
 * 7) republic - government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name